Exploring the Psychological Aspects of ADHD in Children

Here’s the thing about most children: they fidget, they sometimes forget things, and they can be easily distracted. But as a parent, how do you differentiate between what’s considered a “normal” lack of focus and something deeper, like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD?

In this blog, we explore how this disorder shakes up children’s behaviour and their school life, how medical and mental health professionals figure it out, and — most importantly — how you can be their biggest supporter. 

Let’s dive in!

What is ADHD and how does it impact children’s behaviour and learning?

ADHD is a complex neurological condition that affects an individual’s — in this case, a child’s — ability to focus, control impulses and regulate their behaviour. This disorder can manifest as three common subtypes:

Inattentive: Children with this subtype may struggle to maintain focus, to follow instructions and to complete tasks. They may appear to forget things and be disorganized, which can make it hard to do schoolwork and other daily activities. 

A child with this subtype may:

• Make careless mistakes
• Not pay attention to details
• Have trouble focusing
• Appear not to listen
• Have trouble following instructions
• Have trouble completing tasks
• Be easily distracted

Hyperactive-impulsive: Children with the hyperactive-impulsive subtype may appear to be fidgety and unable to sit still. They may have trouble waiting their turn and may interrupt others. 

A child with this subtype may:

• Squirm in their seat
• Fidget or tap their hands/feet
• Talk too much
• Be in constant motion
• Blurt out or interrupt others
• Have trouble waiting their turn
• Have a hard time doing an activity quietly

Combined: As its name implies, children who have this subtype may appear to have a combination of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive traits. 

ADHD can have a meaningful impact on children’s behaviour and their social connections. Because of this, kids with this disorder may experience frustration and low self-esteem. 

Moreover, ADHD may impact a child’s learning. If it’s hard to sit still and focus in a classroom setting, that can result in outcomes like poor academic performance. But ADHD doesn’t reflect a lack of intelligence. Children with ADHD can be very bright but may struggle to reach their full potential due to the impact of living with ADHD. 

How is ADHD assessed and diagnosed in children?

Researchers aren’t totally clear on what causes ADHD, but have determined many factors may influence the development of the disorder. These factors can include genetics, the child’s environment, exposure to certain toxins, and premature birth. 

ADHD is diagnosed through a comprehensive assessment that examines a child’s behaviour across different environments, like at home or at school. Psychologists and other healthcare professionals rely on specific criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to make a diagnosis. Most commonly, diagnosis involves a combination of clinical interviews, parent and teacher questionnaires, along with behavioural observations. 

It’s worth noting that most children will display some degree of inattention or hyperactivity throughout their childhood. But a diagnosis of ADHD can only be made when these symptoms are persistent and significantly impairing a child’s day-to-day functioning and development. 

Can it be effectively treated?

Here’s the good news: ADHD is often successfully managed. Children impacted by this disorder can cope with their symptoms by using a number of different treatments. These strategies may include:

Medication: A healthcare provider may prescribe medication to help children manage their symptom. This is typically a stimulant or a non-stimulate depending on the child’s needs.

Psychotherapy: Counselling or psychotherapy — like dialectical behaviour therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, or support groups — may help kids develop and practice positive behaviours like impulse control and focusing. It can also help address some issues that may arise from living with ADHD, like low self-esteem.

Parent training: Parents can effectively support their child by learning strategies to create structured routines and environments, and by using positive reinforcement to reward positive behaviour.

School support: Many schools may be able to provide accommodations for children with a diagnosis of ADHD, like extended deadlines or individualized plans. 

Treatment plans for ADHD are often individualized to address the specific needs of the child. There is no cure for ADHD but implementing effective strategies can help enhance the kid’s positive behaviour. 

How do I support my child?

Supporting your child is possible and requires a collaborative approach. Parents, teachers, and mental healthcare professionals can come together to help kids navigate the challenges associated with this disorder. 

For parents, here are some tips and techniques to keep in mind:

Educate yourself: Understanding ADHD and its symptoms is the first step to providing effective support. 

Open communication: Encourage your child to express their emotions and frustrations.

Keep things structured: Create a consistent daily routine with clearly outlined schedules. 

Behavioural strategies: Parents can encourage desired behaviours by implementing strategies like positive reinforcement. 

Advocate at school: Collaborate with your child’s teachers to ensure the school is offering the correct support and accommodations.

Professional help: Work with psychologists and other healthcare providers to develop a comprehensive treatment plan.

Parents and caregivers must keep in mind that each child’s journey with ADHD is unique — what works for one child may not work for another. Patience, understanding and love can be key factors when supporting a child with this condition. 

Understanding the psychology of ADHD in children is essential to providing them with the support they need. ADHD is a complex disorder, but with the right strategies and support, it can be effectively managed. 

If you suspect your child has ADHD or you find you are struggling to support them, seeking help from a licensed psychologist can be an important step. To find the right psychologist for you, visit AskForHelpToday.ca.